Introduction

 

The times I have used Cactaceae remedies I am often in the situation where I am helping people face their death.  It is interesting to consider that there is a group of remedies that can be used near the end of life. These patients came to me with severe disease where it was almost impossible to resolve their illness. The best we can do, and often what these patients came to me for, was to accompany them to their end in the best possible way: giving a sense to their life and their final weeks of existence.

 

The concept of destructiveness is significant in Cactacea and is an important concept to consider anytime we are treating severely decompensated cases.  It is essential to understand that there are two different issues related to the idea of destructiveness. There is a physiological destructiveness that is seen in every person, in every remedy, and in every family. Every remedy has a destructive phase and life necessarily has a negative entropy. The self-destructive attitude is an essential component of this family of remedies, but even a remedy like Pulsatilla can have a destructive aspect.

 

In a certain sense we can consider our homeopathic medicines and our patients according to a systemic model, a Ômodel of complexityÕ if you will. A system is a complex structure with many parts, working in harmony. In remedies like Millefolium and Arnica you may see destructiveness at the level of the personal body. They have a strong ego and want to show their strength and will do extreme sports. Their heroic attitude can be considered destructive because of the risks they take. But you will not see destructiveness in the Arnica-like remedies acted on the physical plane, creating destructive pathologies such as cancer, or malabsorption of food where the attitude is to destroy life rather than build life. The halogens can be considered destructive in the level of their relationships; they are healthy but live in an awful way because of their relations.

 

The destructiveness, which is an essential component in Cactacea, can be perceived on all the human levels: the physical plane, the personal body, the emotions and relationships.  For most of their life Cactacea looks extremely destructive in terms of their relationships. Little by little they will become destructive in terms of their body and even in terms of their soma.  The irony of Cactacea is that at the end of their life as they find themselves with a mortal illness they will them become calm and wise. It is as if they find their identity when they become sick. For them it is more difficult to live rather than to die.

 

For example, if you consider the paradigm of Cactus grandiflorus, you will see that for the great majority of their lives they are one of the most hypochondriacal patients that exist. In the process they destroy their lives and those around them because of their incessant complaints and demands.  This is different than the hypochondria seen in the salts of Calcium. Calcarea looks for support and looks for a doctor, a relationship in which they can trust.  The problem for Cactaceae is that they are unable to trust in any relationships, not even their doctors. Mainly, they want to show you that they can manage by themselves. They will place their trust in their medicines, not the doctor and they do not even totally trust their medicines. You will find they often change their prescriptions and take more than prescribed.

 

What is fascinating in Cactaceae is that they seem to feel relieved when they begin their decompensation even though their pathology can be quite severe.  It is as if more or less they feel they were right all along and they have been misunderstood for so many years. It is as if they found their own identity.  They can now truly identify themselves as a sick person, with all the rights and privileges due this state, and instead of being frightened they are more serene.

 

Their illness provides another way to escape and not be in contact with the world around them. They now have the social recognition of illness. Cactaceae were antisocial, misanthropic with lots of rage in their relationships years before their actual disease manifested. With an official diagnosis they now have an excuse for their behavior. They are allowed to have their space, to rage, to stay on their own, which is exactly the kind of pattern they had established for a long time. This is the core of the idea of Cactacea. 

 

The main picture we know of Cactus grandiflorus is commonly when they reach the point of asking their doctor for help. Cactaceae is especially destructive in their relationships including the one with their physician. It is always a critical moment for these patients to be in the position to ask for help. Having an awful hypochondria and nothing realistic to base it on is functional to their Ôdestructiveness.Õ They are just over-complainers; on top of this they do not trust their doctors and are not compliant patients.

 

Another issue: when you study how they get sick, they develop very complicated pathologies. Their disease is not only serious from the organic point of view, but they have a complicated array of symptoms that makes it nearly impossible to determine a precise diagnosis.  They undergo lots of diagnostic procedures to little avail. And so these patients are frustrating from a diagnostic point of view as well. They are indeed challenging patients to have in oneÕs practice.

 

Before Cactaceae develops their pathology they are well established as one who complains excessively about their health. Their complaints are not substantiated in their symptoms and they feel misunderstood. From the relational point of view with their physician, they do the exact opposite.  By the time they see a doctor they have developed strange physical symptoms; they do not cooperate with their doctor, and create a situation where it is impossible to diagnose or treat them.

 

These are the essential issues of Cactacea, but in our literature, in our repertories and materia medica symptoms are presented in one moment. They are flat representations. There is a process of compensation and decompensation in our patients and our medicines that we have to understand in order to recognize these patients in an earlier phase, before they develop their grave illnesses.

 

In their most compensated state, they do not really search for help except to confirm their suspicions, and they will not stay with their doctor. When they become severely decompensated with illness this then puts them in a position of needing help; but when they come to their doctor, they are not asking to overcome their pathology, but to die in a better way.

 

Patients who need Cactus remedies are prone to have severe disease, even according to the allopathic definition of severe. Mostly I have to say that it is unusual for me to have severe cases of this kind. In Italy it is not common for patients to ask to be treated just with homeopathy and it is difficult for a doctor to treat these severe diseases. Even patients with cancer would come to me during chemotherapy or after, but they were not using homeopathy as their only method of treatment.

 

The first five cases are cases of patients who died. These patients had severe terminal illnesses. Through homeopathic treatment these patients were able to discontinue all the strong painkillers they were taking. They all came to me with the specific request of receiving support while they were facing the last moments of their life. They wanted support to face this passage.

 

By chance, I used Cactus Grandiflorus years ago for this type of case, and I developed an idea about this remedy distinct from what I had previously known about it. I have to say that my previous idea was wrong. Cactus can be extremely interesting for the symptomatic use (as Arnica is used for injury) when people come in for the specific request of being helped with their last passage. It is not only helpful in psychological terms but from physical point of view as well.

 

 

The plants

 

Cacti are succulent plants. Succulent conveys the idea of something large and fat, with thick fleshy leaves and stems that can store water. Succulent plants are divided into different families, the Cactaceae and the Lilliacea. The main survival strategies of these plants are the same. Their shape is similar; they live in dry environments and can be killed from rot if over watered. In comparison to other plants they live in extreme conditions with little nourishment and water. In a metaphorical way there is a similitude with the Cactacea patients who are extremely self-sufficient, managing their poor energy by reducing their contacts in order to care as best as possible for themselves.

 

It is important to understand that my approach to homeopathic families is not strictly according botanical classifications.  The homeopathic remedy Anhalonium lewinii is such an example. This is peyote. Lewinni is the person who discovered it. This plant has been re-named Lophophora williamsii. Lopha means hair and this plant has hair rather than thorns. Botanically it is a member of the Cactaceae family. However, homeopathically I group it with the Drug-like remedies. These people have survival strategies that are more typical of those of Coca, Opium, Cannibus indica where the approach is to escape.

 

I have also grouped in the homeopathic Cactaceae family plants that are not cacti such as Agave Americana and Aloe.  Aloe is not strictly in the cactus family, but is close to that family in many ways. It is a succulent plant; originally all succulents were considered members of the Cactaceae family. It is now classified botanically as a member of the Liliaceae family, however homeopathically it is more aligned with the Cactacae family. Many of the Liliaceae along with the Cactacea family were once considered belonging to the succulent plants in the past, because of their appearance, because of having thorns, and the way they live.

 

The cacti have a beautiful flower. Selected cacti and ornamental cacti flower every year. Usually in nature they very seldom flower. Cacti look hostile because of their thorns and it is not easy to get close to them. At the same time, they can produce extremely beautiful and fragrant flowers. Ninety nine percent of cacti have no leaves. Instead of leaves cacti have thorns. Usually the root is very small and very dry. In a way, the thorns are a metamorphosis of the stem and leaves of the plants.

 

Cactacea originated from a little spot of United States and at one point that was the only place they were found. It is very difficult to live in this environment. Cactus and other succulent plants need a harsh environment in which to live and are unable to adapt to different climates. They are resistant to the environment but not invasive. Like sea animals a piece of the cactus can reproduce an entire animal. From this point of view they are very strong. Even the scar of a cactus can develop into a plant and then into an entire colony. The thorns are mainly made of Silicium and some aspect of Silica can be found in the homeopathic medicine.

 

The thorn has a specific purpose of preventing anyone to get close to the plant and the fruit. Thorns also produce a bit of shade, prevent sunburn and prevent the evaporation of water. The fruit of the cactus plant are extremely sweet. In some cases, Opuntia, for instance, the entire plant can be eaten and it is extremely sweet.

 

Cacti cannot tolerate any kind of humidity especially around the root. They especially cannot tolerate any decomposing material. So if you water a cactus too much, it will die. The opposite is true for the majority of plants. For a cactus, there must be no fertilizer and no water. Phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium are the three most important elements they need.

 

Hierarchy of Homeopathic Symptoms

 

The repertory is a catalogue of symptoms. One of the limitations of the repertory is that the symptoms do not have the same meaning in every remedy. One symptom can be confined to a specific area of the body in one remedy and can have a bigger, more general meaning for another remedy.  The following hierarchy is MassimoÕs approach to grouping symptoms in a homeopathic family or remedy.

 

Big Thematic Area

 

The themes that you would consider for this are so generic that you can see aspects in all humans. It is not a fundamental theme because everyone will have this issue. The theme of loss for instance is a theme that everyone has to face in his or her life at one time or another. Loss is not a Big Thematic Area for all remedies but would be considered so in Ignatia where loss plays a central role. It is essential to explain how it is important and in which specific way.  Usually there is one ÒBig Thematic AreaÓ for one homeopathic family but it needs to be explained in terms of the remedy or family. You will see the Big Thematic Area reflected in the fundamental and general themes. 

 

Fundamental themes

 

These themes must be present in order to deeply prescribe the remedy. Even with treatment these issues never go away, but can be adjusted and managed. Fundamental themes are more precise to the homeopathic family or remedy and not found in all patients.

 

General Themes

 

These symptoms can resolve and change with treatment and return with decompensation.  Polarities can exist within the general themes, for example the numbness and extreme sensitiveness to pain that you see in Opium. As the patient is successfully treated there is less of a spike in the polarities.

 

Coherent group symptoms

 

These are similar to modalities and are symptoms that would be found in several sections of the repertory. Burning pain in Capsicum is an example. Once you have established that burning is an important symptom it could be represented in any area.

 

Homeopathic Description of the Cactus

BIG THEMATIC AREA

 

AVOIDANCE: Difficulty in living the pleasure of life:

This is a specific kind of avoidance; there is a difficulty in terms of living. Drug remedies and carbon remedies also have avoidance mechanisms as a very important strategy, but in the Cactaceae it is a very specific kind of avoidance. For their entire life they do their best to avoid any pleasure such as having sex, eating or drinking. Their feeling is: ÒIf I feel there is a relationship between me and this person, then this love can cage me in and create a situation where I cannot easily leave this planet.Ó 

 

Cactus tends to avoid relationships and anything that is commonly considered pleasant. Their common strategy is to reduce their interaction with their environment and their relationship with the world to the minimum. This is opposite of Sulphur which wants to taste the world.

 

Avoidance is a general concept and can be seen in all remedies. Even Phosphorus has a way to avoid others by being talkative and precluding the formation of deeper friendships, but it is not a central issue and certainly not considered a Big Thematic Area for Phosphorus.

 

Avoidance can be considered a Big Thematic Area in the Drug-like remedies and the Carbon remedies but it is necessary to define what type of avoidance in terms of the family. The avoidance of drugs is different than the avoidance of the Cactacea. The Drug-like remedies like to escape, expand to another dimension that is less difficult than real life. Cactacea contracts and minimizes their exposure.  The Carbon group of remedies, in which carbon is prevalent, such as Carbo animalis, Carbo vegetablis, Graphites, Adamas, Carbolic acid has difficulty in entering life, in incarnating; they would rather sleep than face their daily life. Carbo vegetablis will faint or sleep 24 hours a day to avoid life.

 

FUNDAMENTAL

Self-sufficient narcissistic avoidance

 More or less all of the Cactacea will give you the impression of being extremely self-sufficient people in a narcissistic way. They always put themselves in the center; people have to revolve around them.  They do not give to others. They have such an extreme need to take care of themselves that their needs are the most important. It is impossible to find a case of Cactacea living with a person who has a strong ego; they need to stay with someone who can endure them.

 

Think of Cactus Grandiflorus: in the first part of their life they are very hypochondriacal. They are probably the most hypochondriacal in the materia medica. But you have to understand which kind of hypochondriasis we are dealing with and differentiate this from other remedies.  Calcarea cannot endure living by themselves and seeks support so that life is easier. In Cactaceae life is never easier.

 

Cactacea feels life is so very difficult to live and they express this through their many symptoms. They appear hypochondriacal but in an unexpected twist, this fear of disease does not drive them to request support, but rather to avoid relationships. They love to express how much they suffer and they complain enormously about their symptoms, the daily changes in their physical body, and that something is making them feel sick.  Cactaceae patients enlarge their symptoms. If there is a slight change in their body, they feel they will die very soon.

 

What is curious is that they do not seek for any kind of supportive relationship. They are not interested in having a close relationship with a practitioner to overcome their extreme fear. They ONLY seek a medicine and do not even trust the medicine or who suggested the medicine. This hypothetical support is very artificial (a medicine rather than a person). It is something that they have to change, double the dose perhaps, and for them it is something that is not reliable. They donÕt even trust in the medication in the end. 

 

Their self-sufficiency is extremely narcissistic.  Narcissism can be expressed in different ways and for these people everybody and everything has to revolve around them. The entire family and environment has to move around them because of their hypothetical (and as yet undiagnosed) disease. Another peculiar attribute of this family is that their hypochondriasis disappears at the exact moment when they are (finally) diagnosed with a severe disease.

 

Even when they are close to death their interface with their environment and the people that support them, is to always be the center of attention and that everything has to change to meet their needs.

Drying any sense of pleasure in life

Cactus patients are ÒDRYINGÓ almost any sense of pleasure: it is as if they are cut off from LIFE. They tend to avoid, to be alone, to neglect any possible contact with life. ÒDRYINGÓ also refers to their physical symptoms of dryness. They may refer to themselves as dry inside and that they can live with a very little amount of water. They describe rather than complain about their dry symptoms as they can live with them very well. If you investigate a little further you can see that they are the first actor of this drying: they reduce their water in everything. This is another mechanism in avoidance: avoiding water/life.  They have a dry body and they reduce their intake of food and water. They avoid anything vital and anything related to life: food, water, sex, or any pleasure.

Cold anger

You can grasp a huge sense of anger in these patients. Normally we see fiery anger in someone that is able to show their anger, a hot anger. But in the Cactus family, the anger manifests in a cold, more indirect way: in a way that makes it feasible to avoid any potential contact with the other person. They literally do not recognize the existence of the person that is the object of their anger. Their outburst of anger, when they have it, is very impersonal and in the direction of God. They can curse, they can pray, they can be angry with God and the saints. They curse the largest person responsible.

 

This Òcold angerÓ serves to promote their avoidance. It is one thing not to express anger. It is another thing when anger is kept in and used in a precise, calculated and well-planned manner to make their avoidance more effective. In the right moment certain words and behavior can affect the relationship so deeply that the effect is to increase the distance between themselves and another.  One patient told her husband daily, ÒDonÕt worry, you may not find me alive in bed tomorrow.Ó This attitude does not do well in promoting closeness in a relationship. 

 

Lucid Control

Lucid in this sense refers to being bright, precise and sharp in the surveillance of your control. To avoid relationships, think how much one would need to control. These patients show the strongest control in our material medica. This requires a well-structured person who knows exactly what to do and how to act to control his or her self as well as other people. It is seen primarily in the compensated state as they manipulate their environment including the many doctors they commonly see because of their hypochondria.  The lucidity mainly controls a deep sense of anger and the control goes on until the end of life because they consider that they are the only one who knows exactly what they need.

 

This control is mainly acted on their anger. Rarely will you find any outburst of anger, but in their way of relating to their doctors, friends, relatives and even the people closest to them, they can accurately and meticulously express sentences, expressions or behavior at the correct moment to impart a precise injury in a most vulnerable spot. Until the last moment of their life, they want to control their therapy. This is a patient that may be close to death but finds it necessary to tell you what treatment he wants!

Altered perception of time

They wake up in the afternoon and think it is the morning.

They are pretty young but look very old.

They can have early menopause

They can die at a very young age and with a severe illness.

They move in life with the certain perception of time that is very different from the rest of the world.

 

An example of this theme can be seen in Anhalonium, another Cactaceae, even though it is in Drug-like family and is a completely different situation. In Anhalonium there is a disconnection with the real world and this causes their mind to be unable to perceive even the basic coordinates of the real world, which is space and time. The limit of space and time does not exist for the Drug-like remedies.

 

This is different in the Cactaceae and is related to their deep sense of self-sufficiency. These people are so strongly focused on themselves that their internal concept of time and space is much more important.  They will even impose on others their own pace, their own sense of time: how fast they move or talk, when it is the right time to do things.

 

In their decompensation it is common for them to retreat more and more inside of themselves. Very often they have mind symptoms where they can confuse time and space. They can wake in the afternoon and not know what time it is or they can walk and lose their orientation. This is the result of disinvesting energy outside of themselves. They watch around, but they are more concerned for preserving their little energy inside. There is a standard of time for everyone that we observe on our clocks and watches, upon which we all agree; but your internal time can be slow or fast depending on what you are doing. If you are just paying attention to what is going on inside, then you lose the sense of time.

 

The Cactacea are the most introspective people in our materia medica. They are extremely capable and intelligent and this contributes to their superb defense strategy.  For them to cope with the world is painful. They do not escape as do the Drug-like remedies, but they are in positions that allow them to remain undisturbed as much as possible and independent as much as possible.

 

They do a lot of things but they are uneasy; they do not like to be in the common world. Their inner desire is to send everyone to hell and be on their own at home creating the time to do what they want to do and to be who they want to be. Often these people are in positions of power. If you put yourself in a powerful enough position, in which no one is telling you what to do, then you are in a better position not to be disturbed. Arsenicum is in a high position so they can watch their enemies.  Cactus is in a high position so they can retreat and do what THEY want to do. A Cactacea patient who was a famous journalist would often leave parties that had been organized in his honor, extremely rude by anyone elseÕs standards. They cannot cope, and they leave. Often they are in powerful enough positions that they can do this.  

Hypochondria vs. Acceptance

At first they cannot accept or trust their body for what it is. Every little symptom signifies a fatal disease; they are full of fear and convinced they will die at an early age.  Surprisingly their fears disappear and they accept the vagaries of their body when they are at last diagnosed with their terminal illness. 

 

GENERAL THEMES

 

Manipulative

From the beginning of life the Cactacea patient can be quite manipulative. Because of their hypochondria they oblige their surroundings to bend to their needs. They change their habits and demand the same of others in order to be as healthy as possible and preserve what little energy they feel they have. Even in their decompensation, as they become seriously ill, it is notable that they feel they know best about their illness and will dictate their needs to their doctor and spouse. 

 

Obsequious  / Distant

When you are first introduced to a Cactacea patient you may note what an extremely intelligent and successful person they are. The impression you have of them is how courteous this person seems and how respectful he is of me; but it is as if he says since I am very respectful of you, you must do the same for me.  It is a gentle but poignant way of manipulation to indicate how they want to be treated and to keep the relationship formal.  In effect there is almost too much esteem or reverence to the point that it seems unnatural or contrived.  It is another device they use to keep their distance and to invite you to nourish their narcissism.

 

If you try to get closer to them and break down the barrier, they will kindly say, Òno, you stay there, I stay here.Ó  They can be extremely harsh and rough in their behavior when they are decompensated. When they are compensated they can be extremely obsequious in order to clearly emphasize their wish to be treated in a formal and distant way.

 

Central symptoms

Cactus is known for heart symptoms. They have few symptoms in their head but their headache is located exactly in the center of the forehead. If you listen to what they say, when they describe the pain, it is something that touches the ÒcenterÓ of my system, in the core of my system. In their perception, the center is their chest. They mainly feel their suffering Òin the chestÓ, as if this is the central part of their entire body. It is as if they are cut off from the periphery of their body and they can only suffer ÒhereÓ in the chest, because the rest of them is cut off.

 

THE PAIN IS CENTRAL AND ALL THE REST IS CUT OFF.

 

Transfixing pains

The idea of pain is something that is not only stinging/sticking but it is TRANSFIXING. You may hear them say their pain ÒentersÓ their system and they may even describe it as something LONG that enters and REMAINS with them. ÒIt crosses through my system and goes through the center.Ó

 

Spasmodic retraction

The cactus remedies are well known for cramps but the cramps do not necessarily affect the heart or the chest. Cramping is similar to the way they deal with the world. They withdraw themselves from everything in the world.

 

Dreams

They often describe erotic dreams. It is important to ask what they felt in their dreams. For most people sexual dreams involve a sense of pleasure, a relationship with another person. For the Cactus person there is no relationship and the erotic dream is more or less a release rather than a connection with another person.

 

(IÕm sorry, I need help with this one! No pleasure from their erotic dreams? Or no connection with another person?  Just a release?  No pleasure?

 

 

What is fascinating is that as the remedy starts to work and they start to heal they will invariably have dreams of water in which they will be able to be in contact with water.  In life you will notice that they are coming to appreciate the people around them and becoming less distant. The dreams of water in a patient who has been dry and removed are a testimony to how deeply the remedy promotes self-healing.